[Adolescent use of electronic shopping pages on Facebook and its relationship to the buying their behavior]

Problem: The study determined a problem in identifying the use of teenagers to electronic shopping pages on Facebook and its relationship to the buying their behavior

Popularity: Identify the teenagers use Facebook pages for marketing and knowledge of influencing variables to use this marketing pages and demographic factors, factors affecting the purchasing behavior have Facebook

Objectives: The study seeks to identify the relationship between the use of adolescent Facebook pages marketing and purchasing behavior for them

Type and Method: This study belongs to descriptive studies used survey method

Community Sample: A class of teenagers Egyptian people from the age of [15-18] years of secondary school students and the first band of Undergraduate government and the UN, the total sample size 400 single from Mutalaa Facebook pages marketing

Tools: Form Ostaan tool

Statistical Methods: Duplicates Statistics and Kin percentage, Pearson correlation coefficient

Results: There are significant correlation between the intensity of use of electronic shopping teens on Facebook pages and the extent of their dependence on the Facebook pages of the purchase

Comparison of drug release from liquid crystalline monoolein dispersions and solid lipid nanoparticles using a flow cytometric technique

Colloidal lipid particles such as solid lipid nanoparticles and liquid crystalline nanoparticles have great opportunities as drug carriers especially for lipophilic drugs intended for intravenous administration. In order to evaluate drug release from these nanoparticles and determine their behavior after administration, emulsion droplets were used as a lipophilic compartment to which the transfer of a model drug was measured. The detection of the model drug transferred from monoolein cubic particles and trimyristin solid lipid nanoparticles into emulsion droplets was performed using a flow cytometric technique. A higher rate and amount of porphyrin transfer from the solid lipid nanoparticles compared to the monoolein cubic particles was observed. This difference might be attributed to the formation of a highly ordered particle which leads to the expulsion of drug to the surface of the crystalline particle. Furthermore, the sponge-like structure of the monoolein cubic particles decreases the rate and amount of drug transferred. In conclusion, the flow cytometric technique is a suitable technique to study drug transfer from these carriers to large lipophilic acceptors. Monoolein cubic particles with their unique structure can be used successfully as a drug carrier with slow drug release compared with trimyristin nanoparticles.

Synergetic effect of Egyptian propolis in immunization of BALB/c mice against bovine cysticercosis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the synergetic effect of an ethanolic extract of Egyptian propolis in immunization of BALB/c mice with Taenia saginata (T. saginata) crude antigen against bovine cysticercosis, with reference to its effects on liver and kidney functions. METHODS: Sixty female mice BALB/c strain weighing 20 to 25 g and 6-8 weeks old were randomly allocated into six groups of ten mice each. Mice in groups 1 and 2 (G1 and G2) were immunized intraperitoneally with 100 μg of T. saginata crude antigen in 100 μL phosphate buffer saline emulsified in Freund's adjuvant. Besides, the mice in G2 were administered with propolis extract simultaneously with immunization. Control mice were either administered with propolis extract (G3) or injected with the same volume of phosphate buffer saline emulsified in Freund's adjuvant (G4). The mice in G5 were non-immunized infected control while, those in G6 were non-immunized non-infected control. Two weeks after the last immunization, each mouse was challenged intraperitoneally with 5 000 oncospheres except those of G6. Ethanolic extract of propolis was prepared at a dose 50 mg/kg body weight. RESULTS: After 24 weeks of challenge, the mice in G2 showed the highest level of protection (100%), with no cyst being detected rather than mice in G1 (33.3% protection). Additionally, the ELISA results, in this study, showed higher antibody titer in G2 with reduction the alteration in liver and kidney functions compared to G1. CONCLUSIONS: Egyptian propolis could increase the level of protection against experimental challenge infection with T. saginata eggs when administered simultaneously with immunization. Furthermore, it could enhance the production of antibodies to immunized antigen and decrease the alteration in liver and kidney functions.

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of cubosomes containing 5-fluorouracil for liver targeting

The objective of this study was to prepare cubosomal nanoparticles containing a hydrophilic anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) for liver targeting. Cubosomal dispersions were prepared by disrupting a cubic gel phase of monoolein and water in the presence of Poloxamer 407 as a stabilizer. Cubosomes loaded with 5-FU were characterized in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, 5-FU-loaded cubosomes entrapped 31.21% drug and revealed nanometer-sized particles with a narrow particle size distribution. In vitro 5-FU release from cubosomes exhibited a phase of rapid release of about half of the entrapped drug during the first hour, followed by a relatively slower drug release as compared to 5-FU solution. In vivo biodistribution experiments indicated that the cubosomal formulation significantly (P<0.05) increased 5-FU liver concentration, a value approximately 5-fold greater than that observed with a 5-FU solution. However, serum serological results and histopathological findings revealed greater hepatocellular damage in rats treated with cubosomal formulation. These results demonstrate the successful development of cubosomal nanoparticles containing 5-FU for liver targeting. However, further studies are required to evaluate hepatotoxicity and in vivo antitumor activity of lower doses of 5-FU cubosomal formulation in treatment of liver cancer.

Over protection as perceived by sons and its realation to some social skillsfor the age domain from [9-12] year

Objectives: The present study aims to reveal the relationship between the over protection as perceived by sons and its realation to social skills for the age domain from [9-12] year at the age group [9-12] years. Also, the results of this research can be utilized of in educating the parents on the intact methods in dealing with the children in this age group

Sample: The study sample consists of 200 males and females, They are selected from the public schools in Cairo as their ages ranged between [9-12] years, and the sample is selected from the families consisting of parents with exclusion of cases of divorce and separation and travelling of a parent abroad

Instruments: A questionnaire of social and educational level in the age group [9-12] years [FayzaYousefAbd-El Megeed], Scale of over protection for parents in the age group [9-12][prepared by researcher], and Scale of social skills for children, [prepared by AimanShehata] Scale non-verbal intelligence photographer [prepared by Taha Al mestekaye]

Results: Find statistical correlation relationship between over protection degree No statistical differences between boys and girls in over protection degree as perceived by children in the age of [9-12] years, No statistical differences between boys and girls in over protection degree as perceived by children in the age of [9-12] years.. No statistical differences in parents over as perceived by children according to difference in parents education social levels, and No statistical differences in some children social skills according parents education social level [Low-Medium-High]

Discrimination in parental treatment as realized by their children and its relation tosome behavioral problems among a sample of children aged [9-12] Yrs. Old

Objectives: The present study aims to reveal the relationship between the discrimination of parental treatment as perceived by the children with some behavioral problems at the age group [9-12] years. Also, the results of this research can be utilized of in educating the parents on the intact methods in dealing with the children in this age group

Sample: The study sample consists of [180 males and females]. They are selected from the public schools in Cairo as their ages ranged between [9-12] years. The sample is selected from the families consisting of parents with exclusion of cases of divorce and separation and travelling of a parent abroad

Instruments: A questionnaire of socio-cultural level in the age group [9-12][FayzaYousef Abdel Megeed], A scale of children treatment discrimination in the age group [9-12].[Researcher], and A scale of children's behavioral problems in the age group [9-12][Researcher]

Results: Is there a relationship between discrimination of the parental treatment as perceived by the children and some behavioral problems in the study sample in the age group [9-12] years and at the level of significance 0.01, Are there differences between method of discrimination of the parental treatment as perceived by the children and some behavioral problems according to sex dissimilarity [Male-Female] and at the level of significance 0.01, Are there differences between males and females in the emergence of some behavioral problems according to discrimination of the parental treatment as perceived by the children in the age group [9-12] years and at the level of significance 0.01, Isn't there differences in discrimination of the parental treatment as perceived by the children pursuant to discrepancy of the parents' instructional and social levels [Low-Medium-High], and at the level of significance 0.01 Are there differences in some behavioral problems of the children depending on the discrimination of the parental treatment as perceived by the children pursuant to discrepancy of the parents' instructional and social levels [Low-medium-high], and at the level of significance 0.01

added value of advanced neuro-imaging [MR diffusion, perfusion and proton spectroscopy] in diagnosis of primary CNS lymphoma

Primary CNS lymphoma is difficult to diagnose with conventional imaging modalities. Magnetic resonance proton spectroscopy, dynamic susceptibility contrast DSC perfusion and diffusion weighted images have been recently investigated as a problem-solving tool for evaluation of primary CNS lymphoma with favorable results. To assess the value of advanced neuro-imaging [MR diffusion, perfusion and proton spectroscopy] in diagnosis of primary CNS lymphoma. Five adult patients with suspected primary CNS lymphoma [as suggested by clinical or conventional imaging techniques] were prospectively studied by magnetic resonance proton spectroscopy, dynamic susceptibility contrast DSC perfusion and diffusion weighted images aiming to confirm the suspected diagnosis. The examinations were done on 1.5T machines using diffusion weighted, dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion and chemical shift CSI imaging sequences. Regarding DWI, all patients show low ADC value of 0.63 +/- 0.025[SD] x 10[-3] mm[2]/s, regarding the DSC perfusion. The max rCBV ratios are ranging from 0.23 to 1.52 with a mean ratio of 1.14 +/- 0.54[SD]. Regarding

Prostate volume and PSA cutoff values as predictive indices for success of doxazocin treatment in BPH in GHRDS

Benign prostatic hyperplasia [BPH] is a non malignant enlargement of the prostate. This study was conducted to determine the pattern of presentation of BPH with and without acute urinary retention [AUR] and to determine the risk factors for acute urinary retention, in addition, to assess the results of doxazosin in the treatment of BPH with and without AUR. Ninety two patients were enrolled in this study. All patients presented to the emergency department and the referred clinic of the Gezira Hospital for Renal Disease and Surgery [GHRDS] with lower urinary tract symptoms with and without acute urinary retention suggestive of BPH were evaluated according to the European guidelines. All of them underwent transrectal ultrasound and measurement for the prostatic volume. Serum PSA level was estimated. Doxazosin was given to all patients and they were followed for twelve weeks. A trial without a catheter at the end of the first week was attempted for patients with acute urinary retention. The patients' mean age +/- SD at baseline was 67.8 +/- 7.7 and 69.4 +/- 9.9 for Non-AUR/BPH and AUR/BPH respectively. Comparing baseline clinical parameters of patients with and without acute urinary retention revealed that IPSS, prostate volume and PSA level are significantly different between the two groups with P< 0.01, 0.01 and 0.00 respectively. In the TWOC, 65% of patients passed urine spontaneously. By the end of the study, the overall response of patients showed 78.9% successful rate [n = 73] and 21.1% failure rate [n = 19]. Prostatic volume and PSA level were found to affect doxazosin treatment significantly. With cutoff values of 41cc and [3.45] ng/ml, prostatic volume and PSA level influenced doxazosin treatment failure. Serum PSA and prostate volume are powerful predictors of the risk of AUR. Alpha blockers are efficacious in treating retaining and non-retaining BPH patients. Knowledge of baseline serum PSA and/or prostate volume are useful tools to aid physicians and decision makers in predicting the risk of BPH-related outcomes and choosing dexazosin as therapy for BPH

effect of maternal semi-sitting versus dorsal recumbent position on maternal and fetal conditions and on the nature of the second stage of labor

This is a comparative quasi-experimental study that aimed to compare the effect of maternal semi-sitting versus dorsal recumbent position on maternal and fetal conditions as well as on the nature of the 2nd stage of labor. It was conducted at the delivery unit of El-Shatby Maternity University Hospital in Alexandria. A specially structured interview schedule and an observational check-list were developed, validated and used to collect the necessary data from a convenient sample of 100 parturient women in the 2nd stage of labor. Inclusion criteria were; multiparae women, age from 20-35 years, normal pregnancy, normal labor without interference with oxytocics or episiotomy. The study subjects were then divided into two equal groups, 50 each; group I who assumed the semi-sitting position and group II who assumed the conventional dorsal recumbent one. The results revealed that group II had lower blood pressure and fetal heart rate [52% and 36%] respectively than group 1[2% and 2%] respectively. Uterine contractions had short interval, long duration and strong intensity [90%, 84% and 100%] respectively among group 1, compared to 42%, 28% and 50% respectively of group II. Spontaneous rupture of membranes was also observed among 72% of group 1, compared to only 26% of group II. Group I was more likely to have shorter duration of the 2nd stage of labor [40%] than group II [0%]. Duration of the 2nd stage of labor was almost affected by maternal age, education, occupation and number of antenatal visits. So, the results of this study do not justily the continuation of the routine use of dorsal recumbent position during the 2nd stage of labor

Knowledge, practices and beliefs of women regarding hormonal replacement therapy [HRT] during perimenopausal period

Hormonal Replacement Therapy [HRT] has an established role in improving menopausal symptoms reducing cardiovascular risk and preventing osteoporosis. Therefore, an exploratory descriptive study was carried out to identify women's knowledge, practices and beliefs regarding HRT during perimenopausal period. A questionnaire sheet was designed, validated and utilized by the researchers to collect the necessary data from a convenient sample of 100 perimenopausal employee women. A scoring system was adopted for women's knowledge, practices and beliefs regarding HRT. The results revealed that a sizeable proportion of perimenopausal women had lack of knowledge about HRT Sources of perimenopausal women's knowledge about HRT were mainly from mass media [63.8%]. In relation to practices of HRT, the results clarified that only 13% of perimenopausal women used HRT. Although most of HRT users [92.3%] used it to relieve their perimenopausal symptoms, yet, 76.9% of them reported that it didn't affect their perimenopausal symptoms. Perimenopausal women's practices of HRT were affected by their age, marital status and education, while their beliefs were affected by education and menstruation. A negative correlation was found between knowledge and practices [r =- 0.152], while a moderate positive correlation was found between knowledge and beliefs [r. = 0.416]. On the other hand, no correlation was found between practices and beliefs [r= 0.000]. Therefore, there is a need to incorporate the health care of perimenopausal women within the reproductive health care system

Soluble L-selectin, vascular endothelial growth factor and endothelin-1 in patients with ulcerative colitis

Recent evidence increasingly suggests that ulcerative colitis [UC] is the result of dysfunctional immunoregulation manifested by an inappropriate production of mucosal cytokines. An abnormal microcirculatory system has also been implicated in its pathogenesis. The objective of this study was to assessed serum concentrations of soluble L-selectin [sL-selectin] and vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] and the plasma level of endothelin-1[ET-1] in the patients with UC, compared with healthy controls, and to analyze the results depending on the stage of the disease. This study was conducted on two groups of subjects, the patient group including 30 patients with active ulcerative colitis [UC], and the control group which included 15 healthy volunteers. We assessed serum sL-selectin, VEGF and Plasma ET-1 Level at the beginning of the study in patients and controls then measured again in patients after remission. The levels of sL-selectin, VEGF, and ET-1 were significantly higher in active UC than those in the controls [p < 0.001]. But in remission there was no significant difference between UC patients and controls in VEGF and ET-1 levels. We also found that serum Level of sL-selectin, VEGF, and Plasma Level of ET-1 were significantly higher in patients with active UC compared with patients in remission [p < 0.001]. In addition, it is shown that UC patients in remission have significantly lower levels of sL-selectin than controls. There was a significant positive correlation among the serum levels of VEGF and the plasma level of ET-1; that is, elevated VEGF, and ET-1 levels correlated well with each other in active UC patients [r= 0.631, p < 0.001]. The most common form of the disease observed in our patient population was of mild to moderate severity. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, including sL-selectin, VEGF, and ET-1 appear to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis [UC]. Their levels were higher during exacerbation while it is low in periods of remission in UC patients

Alcohol or traditional methods versus natural drying for newborn's cord care

This is a quasi-experimental study that aimed to compare the use of alcohol and traditional methods for newborn's cord care with a no-treatment approach, natural drying. The study also aimed to identify the factors associated with the occurrence of cord infection and time of cord separation. A convenient sample of 70 women with vaginal delivery, full-term and healthy babies was selected from postpartum departments of two university hospitals in Alexandria and Minia. A specially designed interview schedule was developed and utilized to collect data. Swabs were taken from the newborns' umbilical stumps on zero and 3rd day of birth to detect bacterial colonization. Follow-up was carried-out at home to assess methods used for cord care, babies' hygiene, cord infection and time of cord separation. The study revealed that traditional methods of cord care were used by women with higher mean age [30.8 +/- 7.8 years], from Minia [100%] or rural areas [71.4%], while alcohol and natural drying were used by women with lower mean age [27.7 +/- 4.8 and 24.8 +/- 6.5 years] respectively, from Alexandria [76% and 100%] respectively or urban areas [56% and 64.7%] respectively. Alcohol was used for male babies [76%], while traditional methods and natural drying were used for female babies [71.4% and 64.7%] respectively. Incidence of cord infection was Significantly lower among natural drying group [35.3%], and no Signs of systemic infection were observed among them. Rate of increase of bacterial colonization [from 0-3rd day of birth] was significantly higher in alcohol group [44%]. It was relatively similar with presence or absence of cord infection [33.3 and 32.1] respectively. Mean time of cord separation was longer among alcohol group [6.4 +/- 2.4 days], as compared with natural drying group [4.7 +/- 1.9 days] and traditional methods group [3.4 +/- 0.7 days]. Bathing baby while cord was attached was carried out by all women of alcohol and natural drying groups, Compared to only 28.6% of traditional methods group. Breast-feeding was significantly related to less incidence of cord infection [P= 0.008] and shorter time of cord separation [P= 0.002]. Incidence of cord infection was significantly related to using cloth diaper [P= 0.015], Using dry method for skin care [X2[2]=7.2917], giving tub bath [X2[1]= 4.1788] and delaying the bath to the 7th day of birth [P= 0.050]. Time of cord separation was significantly shorter with closed cord dressing [X2[2]=20.4028], in Minia, during spring, among male babies [X2[2]=15.0352], and in rural areas [X2[2]= 9.7608]. It was significantly longer with bathing the baby while cord was attached [X2[2]=27.9354], giving 2-3 baths/week or delaying the bath to the 7th day of birth [P= 0.049] and with Using cloth diaper [P= 0.0467]. So, moving from an intervention to a non- intervention, particularly in a healthy Population should be applied to the healthy naturalistic approach to care advocated in nursing. Also, only through Continuing efforts done to examine our assumptions about historic health Care routines, will we be able to demonstrate evidence based practice and to advance nursing care

Evaluation de la morbidite' psychiatrique mineure en medecine generale par l'utilisation du questionnaire generale de sante'

The authors present the results of a study which try to identify the proportion of general practice out-patients with anxio-depressive disorders [or minor psychiatric morbidity]. The used instrument to identify psychiatric disorders is described and out-patients caracteristics analyzed. Frequency of minor psychiatric disorders is approximate to 44% which is relatively important. This morbidity is more frequent among women, divorced persons, smokers and patients who reported stressful events in the last three months. Although the screening instrument is perfectible, its use seems easy especially because it encourage physicians to replace the patient complaint within a framework who consider different aspects of patients real life

Effect of obesity on respiratory functions

The present study included thirty obese subjects and ten controls. The obese subjects were classified into three groups of mild, moderate and severe obesity. The purpose of the present work was to evaluate the abnormalities in respiratory functions, flow rates and arterial blood gases as a consequence of obesity. All patients of the three obese groups exhibited marked reduction in ERV, VC, MVV, FEV, PEF, MEFR and MMFR. This denotes that there is no correlation between the degree of obesity and pulmonary complications. PaO2 and PaCO2 were within normal in all three obese groups denoting increased efficiency of inspiratory muscles to keep minute ventilation within normal